- List
- Australia Group – Dual-Use Biological Equipment and Related Technology and Software – Version of 1 October 2025
‘Basic scientific research’
Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.
‘Development’
‘Development’ is related to all stages before ‘production’ such as:
design, design research, design analysis, design concepts, assembly of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data,
process or transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, and layouts.
‘Export’
An actual shipment or transmission of AG-controlled items out of the country. This includes transmission of ‘technology’ by electronic media, fax or telephone.
‘In the public domain’
‘In the public domain’, as it applies herein, means ‘technology’ or ‘software’ that has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. (Copyright restrictions do not remove ‘technology’ or ‘software’ from being in the public domain.)
‘Lighter than air vehicles’
Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.
‘Microprogram’
A sequence of elementary instructions maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.
‘Production’
‘Production’ means all production phases such as:
construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, and quality assurance.
‘Program’
A sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.
‘Software’
A collection of one or more ‘programs’ or ‘microprograms’ fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
‘Technical assistance’
May take forms, such as: instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. ‘Technical assistance’ includes oral forms of assistance. ‘Technical assistance’ may involve transfer of ‘technical data’.
‘Technical data’
May take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, readonly memories.
‘Technology’
Specific information necessary for the ‘development’, ‘production’, or ‘use’ of a product. The information takes the form of ‘technical data’ or ‘technical assistance’.
‘UAVs’
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
‘Use’
Operation, installation, (including on-site installation), maintenance, (checking), repair, overhaul or refurbishing.
‘VMD’
Volume Median Diameter (note: for water-based systems, VMD equates to MMD – the Mass Median Diameter).
Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.
‘Development’
‘Development’ is related to all stages before ‘production’ such as:
design, design research, design analysis, design concepts, assembly of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data,
process or transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, and layouts.
‘Export’
An actual shipment or transmission of AG-controlled items out of the country. This includes transmission of ‘technology’ by electronic media, fax or telephone.
‘In the public domain’
‘In the public domain’, as it applies herein, means ‘technology’ or ‘software’ that has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. (Copyright restrictions do not remove ‘technology’ or ‘software’ from being in the public domain.)
‘Lighter than air vehicles’
Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.
‘Microprogram’
A sequence of elementary instructions maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.
‘Production’
‘Production’ means all production phases such as:
construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, and quality assurance.
‘Program’
A sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.
‘Software’
A collection of one or more ‘programs’ or ‘microprograms’ fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
‘Technical assistance’
May take forms, such as: instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. ‘Technical assistance’ includes oral forms of assistance. ‘Technical assistance’ may involve transfer of ‘technical data’.
‘Technical data’
May take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, readonly memories.
‘Technology’
Specific information necessary for the ‘development’, ‘production’, or ‘use’ of a product. The information takes the form of ‘technical data’ or ‘technical assistance’.
‘UAVs’
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
‘Use’
Operation, installation, (including on-site installation), maintenance, (checking), repair, overhaul or refurbishing.
‘VMD’
Volume Median Diameter (note: for water-based systems, VMD equates to MMD – the Mass Median Diameter).