What is the difference between proliferation and proliferation financing?
Unofficial translation from the Vietnamese original.
Proliferation (clause 7, Article 3 of Law No. 13/2026/QH16) covers researching, designing, manufacturing, developing, producing, receiving, possessing, trading, exchanging, storing, supplying, transporting, transferring, assigning, exporting, importing or using weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, as well as carrying out or supporting unlawful activities involving materials, equipment, technology and dual-use goods serving such weapons.
Proliferation financing (clause 8, Article 3) covers providing, raising, transferring, managing or using money, assets, financial resources, financial services, economic benefits, digital assets or other means of value transfer to support proliferation directly or indirectly, or for the benefit of designated entities and individuals.
In short: one concerns the flow of goods and technology, the other the flow of money and value. Both are prohibited under Article 7.